Writing - part xx381 Writing a Novel, the Plot of For Whom the Bell Tolls

18 October 2020, Writing - part xx381 Writing a Novel, the Plot of For Whom the Bell Tolls

Announcement: Delay, my new novels can be seen on the internet, but my primary publisher has gone out of business—they couldn’t succeed in the past business and publishing environment.  I’ll keep you informed, but I need a new publisher.  More information can be found at www.ancientlight.com.  Check out my novels—I think you’ll really enjoy them.

Introduction: I wrote the novel Aksinya: Enchantment and the Daemon. This was my 21^st novel and through this blog, I gave you the entire novel in installments that included commentary on the writing. In the commentary, in addition to other general information on writing, I explained, how the novel was constructed, the metaphors and symbols in it, the writing techniques and tricks I used, and the way I built the scenes. You can look back through this blog and read the entire novel beginning with http://www.pilotlion.blogspot.com/2010/10/new-novel-part-3-girl-and-demon.html.

I’m using this novel as an example of how I produce, market, and eventually (we hope) get a novel published. I’ll keep you informed along the way.

Today’s Blog: To see the steps in the publication process, visit my writing websites http://www.sisteroflight.com/.

The four plus one basic rules I employ when writing:

1. Don’t confuse your readers.

2. Entertain your readers.

3. Ground your readers in the writing.

4. Don’t show (or tell) everything.

     4a. Show what can be seen, heard, felt, smelled, and tasted on the stage of the novel.

5. Immerse yourself in the world of your writing.

These are the steps I use to write a novel including the five discrete parts of a novel:

1.      Design the initial scene

2.      Develop a theme statement (initial setting, protagonist, protagonist’s helper or antagonist, action statement)

a.       Research as required

b.      Develop the initial setting

c.       Develop the characters

d.      Identify the telic flaw (internal and external)

3.      Write the initial scene (identify the output: implied setting, implied characters, implied action movement)

4.      Write the next scene(s) to the climax (rising action)

5.      Write the climax scene

6.      Write the falling action scene(s)

7.      Write the dénouement scene

I finished writing my 29^th novel, working title, Detective, potential title Blue Rose: Enchantment and the Detective.  The theme statement is: Lady Azure Rose Wishart, the Chancellor of the Fae, supernatural detective, and all around dangerous girl, finds love, solves cases, breaks heads, and plays golf.  

Here is the cover proposal for Blue Rose: Enchantment and the Detective. 

Cover Proposal

The most important scene in any novel is the initial scene, but eventually, you have to move to the rising action. I am continuing to write on my 30^th novel, working title Red Sonja.  I finished my 29^th novel, working title Detective.  I’m planning to start on number 31, working title Shifter. 

How to begin a novel.  Number one thought, we need an entertaining idea.  I usually encapsulate such an idea with a theme statement.  Since I’m writing a new novel, we need a new theme statement.  Here is an initial cut.

For novel 30:  Red Sonja, a Soviet spy, infiltrates the X-plane programs at Edwards AFB as a test pilot’s administrative clerk, learns about freedom, and is redeemed.

For novel 31:  Deirdre and Sorcha are redirected to French finishing school where they discover difficult mysteries, people, and events. 

Here is the scene development outline:

1. Scene input (comes from the previous scene output or is an initial scene)

2. Write the scene setting (place, time, stuff, and characters)

3. Imagine the output, creative elements, plot, telic flaw resolution (climax) and develop the tension and release.

4. Write the scene using the output and creative elements to build the tension.

5. Write the release

6. Write the kicker

          

Today:  Why don’t we go back to the basics and just writing a novel?  I can tell you what I do, and show you how I go about putting a novel together.  We can start with developing an idea then move into the details of the writing. 

To start a novel, I picture an initial scene.  I may start from a protagonist or just launch into mental development of an initial scene.  I get the idea for an initial scene from all kinds of sources.  To help get the creative juices flowing, let’s look at the initial scene. 

1.      Meeting between the protagonist and the antagonist or the protagonist’s helper

2.      Action point in the plot

3.      Buildup to an exciting scene

4.      Indirect introduction of the protagonist

Ideas.  We need ideas.  Ideas allow us to figure out the protagonist and the telic flaw.  Ideas don’t come fully armed from the mind of Zeus.  We need to cultivate ideas. 

1.      Read novels. 

2.      Fill your mind with good stuff—basically the stuff you want to write about. 

3.      Figure out what will build ideas in your mind and what will kill ideas in your mind.

4.      Study.

5.      Teach. 

6.      Make the catharsis. 

7.      Write.

The development of ideas is based on study and research, but it is also based on creativity.  Creativity is the extrapolation of older ideas to form new ones or to present old ideas in a new form.  It is a reflection of something new created with ties to the history, science, and logic (the intellect).  Creativity requires consuming, thinking, and producing.

If we have filled our mind with all kinds of information and ideas, we are ready to become creative.  Creativity means the extrapolation of older ideas to form new ones or to present old ideas in a new form.  Literally, we are seeing the world in a new way, or actually, we are seeing some part of the world in a new way. 

I’ve worked through creativity and the protagonist.  The ultimate point is that if you properly develop your protagonist, you have created your novel.  This moves us on to plots and initial scenes.  As I noted, if you have a protagonist, you have a novel.  The reason is that a protagonist comes with a telic flaw, and a telic flaw provides a plot and theme.  If you have a protagonist, that gives you a telic flaw, a plot, and a theme.  I will also argue this gives you an initial scene as well. 

So, we worked extensively on the protagonist.  I gave you many examples great, bad, and average.  Most of these were from classics, but I also used my own novels and protagonists as examples.  Here’s my plan.

1.      The protagonist comes with a telic flaw – the telic flaw isn’t necessarily a flaw in the protagonist, but rather a flaw in the world of the protagonist that only the Romantic protagonist can resolve.

2.      The telic flaw determines the plot.

3.      The telic flaw determines the theme.

4.      The telic flaw and the protagonist determines the initial scene.

5.      The protagonist and the telic flaw determines the initial setting.

6.      Plot examples from great classic plots.

7.      Plot examples from mediocre classic plots.

8.      Plot examples from my novels.

9.      Creativity and the telic flaw and plots.

10.  Writer’s block as a problem of continuing the plot.

Every great or good protagonist comes with their own telic flaw.  I showed how this worked with my own writing and novels.  Let’s go over it in terms of the plot.

This is all about the telic flaw.  Every protagonist and every novel must come with a telic flaw.  They are the same telic flaw.  That telic flaw can be external, internal or both.

We found that a self-discovery telic flaw or a personal success telic flaw can potentially take a generic plot.  We should be able to get an idea for the plot purely from the protagonist, telic flaw and setting.  All of these are interlaced and bring us our plot.

For a great plot, the resolution of the telic flaw has to be a surprise to the protagonist and to the reader.  This is both the measure and the goal.  As I noted before, for a great plot, the author needs to make the telic flaw resolution appear to be impossible, but then it happens.  There is much more to this.  Here’s the list of plots I’ve looked at already:

1.      Redemption

2.      Detective or mystery

3.      Messiah

4.      End of the World

5.      War

6.      Anti-war

7.      Revenge or vengeance

8.      Revelation

9.      Zero to hero

Here is the list of classics that everyone should read.  What I want to do is evaluate this list for the plots. 

This is the plan.  Let’s look at each novel and try to pull out the plot types, the telic flaw, and the theme of the novel. The ultimate point is we can glean plot ideas and types to add to our list.  Part of this evaluation, we can try to identify the zero and the hero of the protagonist.  All this might help us define plots and perhaps help us to develop plots for our own novels.  This is kind of like looking at art as an artist and figuring out what makes a picture successful.

1 Pride and Prejudice - Jane Austen

2 The Lord of the Rings - JRR Tolkien

3 Jane Eyre - Charlotte Bronte

4 Dandelion Wine – Ray Bradbury – Best modern novel in English.  

5 To Kill a Mockingbird - Harper Lee

6 The Bible – Most important book to understand Western culture.

7 Wuthering Heights - Emily Bronte

8 Nineteen Eighty Four - George Orwell

9 We The Living – Ayn Rand

10 Great Expectations - Charles Dickens

11 Little Women - Louisa M Alcott

12 Tess of the D’Urbervilles - Thomas Hardy

13 Dune – Frank Herbert

14 Complete Works of Shakespeare – better to see as plays

15 Rebecca - Daphne Du Maurier

16 The Hobbit - JRR Tolkien

17 The Cadwal Chronicles – Jack Vance

18 Catcher in the Rye - JD Salinger

19 The Green Pearl Novels – Jack Vance

20 Middlemarch - George Eliot

21 Gone With the Wind - Margaret Mitchel

22 The Great Gatsby - F Scott Fitzgerald

23 Bleak House - Charles Dickens

24 War and Peace - Leo Tolstoy

25 Starship Troopers – Robert Heinlein

27 Crime and Punishment - Fyodor Dostoyevsky

28 Grapes of Wrath - John Steinbeck

29 Alice in Wonderland - Lewis Carroll

30 The Wind in the Willows - Kenneth Grahame

31 Anna Karenina - Leo Tolstoy

32 David Copperfield - Charles Dickens 

33 Chronicles of Narnia - CS Lewis

34 Emma -Jane Austen

35 Persuasion - Jane Austen

36 Atlas Shrugged – Ayn Rand

37 The Tale of Genji - Murasaki Shikibu

38 The House of Seven Gables - Nathaniel Hawthorne

39 The Scarlet Letter - Nathaniel Hawthorne

40 Winnie the Pooh - AA Milne

41 Animal Farm - George Orwell

42 Dracula – Bram Stoker

43 Till We Have Faces – C.S. Lewis

44 Le Morte D'Arthur - Thomas Malory

45 The Woman in White - Wilkie Collins

46 Anne of Green Gables - LM Montgomery

47 Far From The Madding Crowd - Thomas Hardy

48 Ivanhoe – Sir Walter Scott

49 Lord of the Flies - William Golding

50 The Fountainhead – Ayn Rand

51 What Katy Did - Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge

52 A Little Princess - Frances Hodgson Burnett

53 The Secret Garden - Frances Hodgson Burnett

54 Sense and Sensibility - Jane Austen

55 The Jungle Book - Rudyard Kipling

56 Kim - Rudyard Kipling

57 A Tale Of Two Cities - Charles Dickens

58 Brave New World - Aldous Huxley

59 Beowulf – Unknown

60 The Odyssey – Homer

61 Of Mice and Men - John Steinbeck

62 Lolita - Vladimir Nabokov

63 The Moonstone - Wilkie Collins

64 The Maltese Falcon - Dashiell Hammett

65 The Count of Monte Cristo - Alexandre Dumas

66 As I Lay Dying - William Faulkner

67 Jude the Obscure - Thomas Hardy

68 Robinson Caruso – Daniel Defoe

69 The Red Badge of Courage - Stephen Crane

70 Moby Dick - Herman Melville

71 Oliver Twist - Charles Dickens

72 Don Quixote - Miguel De Cervantes

73 Heidi – Johanna Spyri

74 Hans Brinker - Mary Mapes Dodge

75 Ulysses - James Joyce

76 The Inferno – Dante

77 The Big Sky – Arlo Guthrie

78 Germinal - Emile Zola

79 Vanity Fair - William Makepeace Thackeray

80 The Black Arrow - Robert Louis Stevenson

81 A Christmas Carol - Charles Dickens

82 Treasure Island - Robert Louis Stevenson

83 The Gulag Archipelago - Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

84 The Miser – George Eliot

85 Madame Bovary - Gustave Flaubert

86 For Whom the Bell Tolls – Ernest Hemmingway

87 Tarzan – Edger Rice Burroughs

88 The Death of Socrates – Plato

89 Adventures of Sherlock Holmes - Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

90 I, Robot - Isaac Asimov

91 Heart of Darkness - Joseph Conrad

92 The Little Prince - Antoine De Saint-Exupery

93 Huckleberry Fin – Mark Twain

94 Watership Down - Richard Adams

95 Gulliver’s Travels - Jonathan Swift

96 Matilda – Roald Dahl

97 The Three Musketeers - Alexandre Dumas

98 The Canterbury Tales - Geoffrey Chaucer

99 Charlie and the Chocolate Factory - Roald Dahl

100 Les Miserables - Victor Hugo

101 The Once and Future King – T.H. White

102 The Deerslayer – James Fenimore Cooper

103 The Black Book of Communism – Various

104 Ben Hur – Lew Wallace

105 The Robe – Lloyd C. Douglas

106 The Pilgrim’s Progress – John Bunyan

107 The Histories – Herodotus

108 Lives – Plutarch

109 The Call of the Wild – Jack London

110 Stand on Zanzibar – John Brunner

111 The Shockwave Rider – John Brunner

112 The Aeneid – Virgil

For Whom the Bell Tolls by Ernest Hemmingway is somewhat entertaining as a novel.  Hemingway knew the intricacies of war.  He had experienced them during his time during the First World War.  He seems to miss the point of the Spanish Civil War which is a fascist practice run for the Second World War. 

I think Hemmingway was jaundiced by his time during the First World War.  As I noted before, we see anti-war plots and themes following wars, at least in the modern era.  This is interesting because we also see many war plots and themes following major wars.  It is almost like people seeing two exactly opposite sides of the same event.  Generally, the war plots and themes come from soldiers.  The anti-war plots and themes come from those on the sides, like Hemmingway who was an ambulance driver during World War One and reporter during the Spanish Civil War.  This might be worth a paper or two.

In any case, For Whom the Bell Tolls is not my favorite work.  Although the Spanish Civil War was a pretty cut and dried war with very obvious bad guys, the fascists supported by the Nazis and Socialist Italy, and the good guys, the Republicans supported by most of the free world.  For some reason Hemmingway couldn’t keep the good separated from the bad.  His characters can’t either.

Instead of a clean depiction of heroes and warriors, we get a fascist atrocities met with ambivalent guerrillas.  Actually one especially ambivalent guerrilla, Pablo.  If you wondered why traitors should be removed from any positon of authority during wartime, remember Pablo.  He is the real reason For Whom the Bell Tolls is not one of my favorites. 

Robert Jordan, whom we will discuss as the protagonist is actually a great soldier.  He fought for the republicans, that’s the correct side against the fascists, the bad guys.  Robert ends up working with the guerrillas, and that is the problem.  Pablo is, at the beginning, the leader of these particular guerrillas.  Let’s look at the plots.

First, the plotline of the entire novel is the destruction of a certain bridge.  This is an achievement plot.  In general, if there is an achievement plot, we need to look deeper for a potential redemption plot.  There is indeed a redemption plot.  The achievement plot is the destruction of the bridge.  The redemption plot is what this means in the context of Robert Jordan.  Robert is indeed a hero in a war whose heroes seem somewhat ambivalent. 

We have a great romance plot with Maria and Robert.  Then a betrayal plot with Pablo, who does everything he can to ruin the bridge operation.  I mentioned the war plot.  There is a discovery plot with the realization of Pablo’s betrayal.  We have a knowledge plot with Robert’s attempts to make new detonators.  There is a wonderful revelation plot through the entire novel. 

In the end, the operation is a failure.  I guess I should address that when I write about the protagonist and the telic flaw.  I do need to mention this.  Hemmingway wrote in a very succinct style which is peculiar to him.  It is likely that no other writer will ever be able to get away with this style ever again.  Hemmingway is also an excellent writer of the modern type and style which emphasizes show and don’t tell.  For this reason alone, every aspiring author should read Hemmingway—read everything he has written.  I would rather see you write using Romantic protagonists and plots.  Hemmingway came out of modern realism.  He did not write Romantic protagonists although I bet he wished he did.  His characters and protagonists have too much of the touch of the unredeemable common like Steinbeck.  Not as bad as Steinbeck, but a morbidity and melancholy that turns the potential Romantic into the dead hero.                 

Here’s the list of plots.  I’m going to amend the list as we noted. 

1.      Redemption – 10i, 5e, 14ei, 8, 1i  

2.      Detective or mystery – 41

3.      Messiah – 5

4.      End of the World - 1

5.      War – 15, 1

6.      Anti-war – 1, 1

7.      Revenge or vengeance –3ie, 2e, 31

8.      Revelation –1e, 47, 1

9.      Zero to hero – 17

10.  Romance –1ie, 32, 1

11.  Achievement – 11e, 19ei, 2i, 30, 1e

12.  Article – 1e, 32, 1

13.  Travel –1e, 42

14.  Coming of age –1ei, 22

15.  Progress of technology – 3

16.  Discovery – 2ie, 38, 1

17.  Rejected love (rejection) – 1ei, 19, 1

18.  Miscommunication – 5

19.  Love triangle – 12

20.  Betrayal – 1i, 1ie, 31, 1

21.  Totalitarian – 1e, 6

22.  Blood will out or fate –1i, 1e, 24

23.  Psychological –1i, 35

24.  Horror – 12

25.  Magic – 6

26.  Mistaken identity – 11

27.  Money – 2e, 24

28.  Spoiled child – 5

29.  Children – 18

30.  Historical – 12, 1

31.  Legal – 5

32.  Adultery – 15

33.  Illness – 1e, 13

34.  School – 10

35.  Self-discovery – 2i, 9

36.  Guilt or Crime – 22, 1

37.  Anti-hero – 5

38.  Immorality – 3i, 6

39.  Proselytizing – 4

40.  Satire – 6

41.  Reason – 6, 1ie

42.  Escape – 1ie, 13

43.  Knowledge or Skill – 14, 1

44.  Camaraderie – 11

45.  Parallel – 3

46.  Allegory – 9

47.  Curse – 3

48.  Insanity – 5

49.  Fantasy world – 3

50.  Mentor – 7

51.  Prison – 1

52.  Secrets – 10

Robert Jordan is the protagonist of For Whom the Bell Tolls.  His telic flaw is to destroy the bridge.  This is his external telic flaw.  The internal telic flaw is a bit more complex.  Robert Jordan is looking for the reason for war and himself.  He is looking for redemption as a hero.  The question is whether he achieves this resolution or not.  Is For Whom the Bell Tolls a comedy or a tragedy?  You can argue this either way.  Perhaps this is the telling point of the novel.  Not my favorite telling point, but a telling point.  If you notice, I give this novel an anti-war as well as a war plot.  Hemmingway can’t make up his mind on this one either.  Is this a screed against war or a pro the need for war novel?  It really depends on how you view Robert Jordan’s resolution of his internal telic flaw.  I like cleaner novels that this.

If you conclude that Robert achieved his internal telic flaw through death—that is he was heroic and his heroism through death resulted in great success, then the novel is a comedy and Robert achieved his telic flaw resolution.  On the other hand, if you conclude that Robert’s life was lost for nothing, most likely this is the true resolution point, then you must conclude that Robert did not overcome his internal telic flaw and therefore, this novel is a tragedy.  If this novel is a tragedy, then it has an anti-war plot and theme.  As I noted, this is a pretty ambivalent novel.

Now, about Hemmingway.  If you notice, he does not use bazillions of plots to get his point across.  This is important.  In addition, he doesn’t use too many words to get his point across.  His writing is considered stark.  This is both an example and a slight problem.  You need to read Hemmingway.  He is likely one of the best examples of showing and not telling.  He and Arlo Guthrie Jr.   I’d rather you write like Guthrie and not Hemmingway.  I’d rather you work with Romantic protagonists and plots like Vance.  In any case, you can take a lot away from For Whom the Bell Tolls.  Don’t get the wrong ideas.    

In the end, we can figure out what makes a work have a great plot, and apply this to our writing.     

  

Let’s start with the idea of an internal and external telic flaw.  Then let’s provide it a wrapper.  The wrapper is the plot.       

      

The beginning of creativity is study and effort.  We can use this to extrapolate to creativity.  In addition, we need to look at recording ideas and working with ideas.    

    

More tomorrow.

For more information, you can visit my author site http://www.ldalford.com/, and my individual novel websites:

http://www.ancientlight.com/
http://www.aegyptnovel.com/
http://www.centurionnovel.com
http://www.thesecondmission.com/
http://www.theendofhonor.com/
http://www.thefoxshonor.com
http://www.aseasonofhonor.com  

fiction, theme, plot, story, storyline, character development, scene, setting, conversation, novel, book, writing, information, study, marketing, tension, release, creative, idea, logic